+message = "One of Python's strengths is its diverse community."

+print(message)

+age = 23

+message = "Happy " + str(age) + "rd Birthday!"

+

+print(message)

+# Say hello to everyone.

+print("Hello Python people!")

+message = "Hello Python world!"

+print(message)

+

+message = "Hello Python Crash Course world!"

+print(message)

+first_name = "ada"

+last_name = "lovelace"

+full_name = first_name + " " + last_name

+

+message = "Hello, " + full_name.title() + "!"

+print(message)

+bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']

+message = "My first bicycle was a " + bicycles[0].title() + "."

+

+print(message)

+cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']

+

+print("Here is the original list:")

+print(cars)

+

+print("\nHere is the sorted list:")

+print(sorted(cars))

+

+print("\nHere is the reverse alphabetical list:")

+print(sorted(cars, reverse=True))

+

+print("\nHere is the original list again:")

+print(cars)

+motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati'] 

+print(motorcycles)

+

+too_expensive = 'ducati'

+motorcycles.remove(too_expensive)

+print(motorcycles)

+print("\nA " + too_expensive.title() + " is too expensive for me.")

+dimensions = (200, 50)

+print("Original dimensions:")

+for dimension in dimensions:

+    print(dimension)

+    

+dimensions = (400, 100)

+print("\nModified dimensions:")

+for dimension in dimensions:

+    print(dimension)

+even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2)) 

+print(even_numbers)

+my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] 

+friend_foods = my_foods[:] 

+

+my_foods.append('cannoli') 

+friend_foods.append('ice cream') 

+

+print("My favorite foods are:")

+print(my_foods)

+

+print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")

+print(friend_foods)

+magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] 

+for magician in magicians: 

+    print(magician.title() + ", that was a great trick!")  

+    print("I can't wait to see your next trick, " + magician.title() + ".\n") 

+    

+print("Thank you everyone, that was a great magic show!")

+numbers = list(range(1,6)) 

+print(numbers) 

+players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli'] 

+

+print("Here are the first three players on my team:")

+for player in players[:3]:

+    print(player.title())

+squares = []

+for value in range(1,11):

+    square = value**2

+    squares.append(square)

+    

+print(squares)

+age = 12

+

+if age < 4:

+    price = 0

+elif age < 18:

+    price = 5

+elif age < 65:

+    price = 10

+elif age >= 65:

+    price = 5

+

+print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")

+banned_users = ['andrew', 'carolina', 'david']

+user = 'marie'

+

+if user not in banned_users:

+    print(user.title() + ", you can post a response if you wish.")

+cars = ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']

+

+for car in cars:

+    if car == 'bmw':

+        print(car.upper())

+    else:

+        print(car.title())

+answer = 17

+

+if answer != 42:

+    print("That is not the correct answer. Please try again!")

+available_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'olives', 'green peppers',

+                      'pepperoni', 'pineapple', 'extra cheese']

+

+requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'french fries', 'extra cheese']

+

+for requested_topping in requested_toppings:

+    if requested_topping in available_toppings:

+        print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")

+    else:

+        print("Sorry, we don't have " + requested_topping + ".")

+        

+print("\nFinished making your pizza!")

+age = 17

+if age >= 18:

+    print("You are old enough to vote!")

+    print("Have you registered to vote yet?")

+else:

+    print("Sorry, you are too young to vote.")

+    print("Please register to vote as soon as you turn 18!")

+alien_0 = {'x_position': 0, 'y_position': 25, 'speed': 'medium'}

+print("Original position: " + str(alien_0['x_position']))

+

+# Move the alien to the right.

+# Figure out how far to move the alien based on its speed.

+if alien_0['speed'] == 'slow':

+    x_increment = 1

+elif alien_0['speed'] == 'medium':

+    x_increment = 2

+else:

+    # This must be a fast alien.

+    x_increment = 3

+

+# The new position is the old position plus the increment.

+alien_0['x_position'] = alien_0['x_position'] + x_increment

+

+print("New position: " + str(alien_0['x_position']))

+# Make an empty list for storing aliens.

+aliens = []

+

+# Make 30 green aliens.

+for alien_number in range (0,30):

+    new_alien = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'slow'}

+    aliens.append(new_alien)

+    

+for alien in aliens[0:3]:

+    if alien['color'] == 'green':

+        alien['color'] = 'yellow'

+        alien['speed'] = 'medium'

+        alien['points'] = 10

+    elif alien['color'] == 'yellow':

+        alien['color'] = 'red'

+        alien['speed'] = 'fast'

+        alien['points'] = 15

+        

+# Show the first 5 aliens:

+for alien in aliens[0:5]:

+    print(alien)

+print("...")

+favorite_languages = {

+    'jen': 'python',

+    'sarah': 'c',

+    'edward': 'ruby',

+    'phil': 'python',

+    }

+

+for name, language in favorite_languages.items():

+    print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " +

+        language.title() + ".")

+users = {'aeinstein': {'first': 'albert',

+                       'last': 'einstein',

+                       'location': 'princeton'},

+         'mcurie': {'first': 'marie',

+                    'last': 'curie',

+                    'location': 'paris'},

+         }

+

+for username, user_info in users.items():

+    print("\nUsername: " + username)

+    full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']

+    location = user_info['location']

+

+    print("\tFull name: " + full_name.title())

+    print("\tLocation: " + location.title())

+# Store information about a pizza being ordered.

+pizza = {

+    'crust': 'thick',

+    'toppings': ['mushrooms', 'extra cheese'],

+    }

+

+# Summarize the order.

+print("You ordered a " + pizza['crust'] + "-crust pizza " +

+      "with the following toppings:")

+

+for topping in pizza['toppings']:

+    print("\t" + topping)

+user_0 = {'username': 'efermi',

+          'first': 'enrico',

+          'last': 'fermi',

+          }

+

+for key, value in user_0.items():

+    print("\nKey: " + key)

+    print("Value: " + value)

+prompt = "\nPlease tell me a city you have visited:"

+prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "

+

+while True:

+    city = input(prompt)

+    

+    if city == 'quit':

+        break

+    else:

+        print("I'd love to go to " + city.title() + "!")

+# Start out with some users that need to be verified,

+#  and an empty list to hold confirmed users.

+unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']

+confirmed_users = []

+

+# Verify each user, until there are no more unconfirmed users.

+#  Move each verified user into the list of confirmed users.

+while unconfirmed_users:

+    current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()

+    

+    print("Verifying user: " + current_user.title())

+    confirmed_users.append(current_user)

+    

+# Display all confirmed users.

+print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")

+for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:

+    print(confirmed_user.title())

+current_number = 1

+while current_number <= 5:

+    print(current_number)

+    current_number += 1

+number = input("Enter a number, and I'll tell you if it's even or odd: ")

+number = int(number)

+

+if number % 2 == 0:

+    print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is even.")

+else:

+    print("\nThe number " + str(number) + " is odd.")

+prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."

+prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "

+

+name = input(prompt)

+print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

+responses = {}

+

+# Set a flag to indicate that polling is active.

+polling_active = True

+

+while polling_active:

+    # Prompt for the person's name and response.

+    name = input("\nWhat is your name? ")

+    response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ")

+    

+    # Store the response in the dictionary:

+    responses[name] = response

+    

+    # Find out if anyone else is going to take the poll.

+    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ")

+    if repeat == 'no':

+        polling_active = False

+        

+# Polling is complete. Show the results.

+print("\n--- Poll Results ---")

+for name, response in responses.items():

+    print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")

+prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"

+prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

+  

+active = True

+while active:

+    message = input(prompt)

+    

+    if message == 'quit':

+        active = False

+    else:

+        print(message)

+pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']

+print(pets)

+

+while 'cat' in pets:

+    pets.remove('cat')

+    

+print(pets)

+height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")

+height = int(height)

+

+if height >= 36:

+    print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")

+else:

+    print("\nYou'll be able to ride when you're a little older.")

+def get_formatted_name(first_name, last_name, middle_name=''):

+    """Return a full name, neatly formatted."""

+    if middle_name:

+        full_name = first_name + ' ' +  middle_name + ' ' + last_name

+    else:

+        full_name = first_name + ' ' + last_name

+    return full_name.title()

+    

+musician = get_formatted_name('jimi', 'hendrix')

+print(musician)

+

+musician = get_formatted_name('john', 'hooker', 'lee')

+print(musician)

+def greet_users(names):

+    """Print a simple greeting to each user in the list."""

+    for name in names:

+        msg = "Hello, " + name.title() + "!"

+        print(msg)

+

+usernames = ['hannah', 'ty', 'margot']

+greet_users(usernames)

+def greet_user(username):

+    """Display a simple greeting."""

+    print("Hello, " + username.title() + "!")

+    

+greet_user('jesse')

+import pizza as p

+

+p.make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')

+p.make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')

+def build_person(first_name, last_name, age=''):

+    """Return a dictionary of information about a person."""

+    person = {'first': first_name, 'last': last_name}

+    if age:

+        person['age'] = age

+    return person

+

+musician = build_person('jimi', 'hendrix', age=27)

+print(musician)

+def describe_pet(pet_name, animal_type='dog'):

+    """Display information about a pet."""

+    print("\nI have a " + animal_type + ".")

+    print("My " + animal_type + "'s name is " + pet_name.title() + ".")

+    

+# A dog named Willie.

+describe_pet('willie')

+describe_pet(pet_name='willie')

+

+# A hamster named Harry.

+describe_pet('harry', 'hamster')

+describe_pet(pet_name='harry', animal_type='hamster')

+describe_pet(animal_type='hamster', pet_name='harry')

+def make_pizza(size, *toppings):

+    """Summarize the pizza we are about to make."""

+    print("\nMaking a " + str(size) +

+          "-inch pizza with the following toppings:")

+    for topping in toppings:

+        print("- " + topping)

+        

+make_pizza(16, 'pepperoni')

+make_pizza(12, 'mushrooms', 'green peppers', 'extra cheese')

+def print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models):

+    """

+    Simulate printing each design, until there are none left.

+    Move each design to completed_models after printing.

+    """

+    while unprinted_designs:

+        current_design = unprinted_designs.pop()

+    

+        # Simulate creating a 3d print from the design.

+        print("Printing model: " + current_design)

+        completed_models.append(current_design)

+        

+def show_completed_models(completed_models):

+    """Show all the models that were printed."""

+    print("\nThe following models have been printed:")

+    for completed_model in completed_models:

+        print(completed_model)

+        

+        

+unprinted_designs = ['iphone case', 'robot pendant', 'dodecahedron']

+completed_models = []

+

+print_models(unprinted_designs, completed_models)

+show_completed_models(completed_models)

+def build_profile(first, last, **user_info):

+    """Build a dictionary containing everything we know about a user."""

+    profile = {}

+    profile['first_name'] = first

+    profile['last_name'] = last

+    for key, value in user_info.items():

+        profile[key] = value

+    return profile

+

+user_profile = build_profile('albert', 'einstein',

+                             location='princeton',

+                             field='physics')

+print(user_profile)

+"""A class that can be used to represent a car."""

+

+class Car():

+    """A simple attempt to represent a car."""

+

+    def __init__(self, manufacturer, model, year):

+        """Initialize attributes to describe a car."""

+        self.manufacturer = manufacturer

+        self.model = model

+        self.year = year

+        self.odometer_reading = 0

+        

+    def get_descriptive_name(self):

+        """Return a neatly formatted descriptive name."""

+        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.manufacturer + ' ' + self.model

+        return long_name.title()

+    

+    def read_odometer(self):

+        """Print a statement showing the car's mileage."""

+        print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")

+        

+    def update_odometer(self, mileage):

+        """

+        Set the odometer reading to the given value.

+        Reject the change if it attempts to roll the odometer back.

+        """

+        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:

+            self.odometer_reading = mileage

+        else:

+            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

+    

+    def increment_odometer(self, miles):

+        """Add the given amount to the odometer reading."""

+        self.odometer_reading += miles

+class Dog():

+    """A simple attempt to model a dog."""

+    

+    def __init__(self, name, age):

+        """Initialize name and age attributes."""

+        self.name = name

+        self.age = age

+        

+    def sit(self):

+        """Simulate a dog sitting in response to a command."""

+        print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")

+

+    def roll_over(self):

+        """Simulate rolling over in response to a command."""

+        print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")

+        

+

+my_dog = Dog('willie', 6)

+your_dog = Dog('lucy', 3)

+

+print("My dog's name is " + my_dog.name.title() + ".")

+print("My dog is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old.")

+my_dog.sit()

+

+print("\nMy dog's name is " + your_dog.name.title() + ".")

+print("My dog is " + str(your_dog.age) + " years old.")

+your_dog.sit()

+"""A set of classes that can be used to represent electric cars."""

+

+from car import Car

+

+class Battery():

+    """A simple attempt to model a battery for an electric car."""

+

+    def __init__(self, battery_size=60):

+        """Initialize the batteery's attributes."""

+        self.battery_size = battery_size

+

+    def describe_battery(self):

+        """Print a statement describing the battery size."""

+        print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kWh battery.")  

+        

+    def get_range(self):

+        """Print a statement about the range this battery provides."""

+        if self.battery_size == 60:

+            range = 140

+        elif self.battery_size == 85:

+            range = 185

+            

+        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)

+        message += " miles on a full charge."

+        print(message)

+    

+        

+class ElectricCar(Car):

+    """Models aspects of a car, specific to electric vehicles."""

+

+    def __init__(self, manufacturer, model, year):

+        """

+        Initialize attributes of the parent class.

+        Then initialize attributes specific to an electric car.

+        """

+        super().__init__(manufacturer, model, year)

+        self.battery = Battery()

+from collections import OrderedDict

+

+favorite_languages = OrderedDict()

+

+favorite_languages['jen'] = 'python'

+favorite_languages['sarah'] = 'c'

+favorite_languages['edward'] = 'ruby'

+favorite_languages['phil'] = 'python'

+

+for name, language in favorite_languages.items():

+    print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " +

+        language.title() + ".")

+from car import Car

+

+my_new_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2015)

+print(my_new_car.get_descriptive_name())

+

+my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23

+my_new_car.read_odometer()

+from car import Car

+from electric_car import ElectricCar

+

+my_beetle = Car('volkswagen', 'beetle', 2015)

+print(my_beetle.get_descriptive_name())

+

+my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'roadster', 2015)

+print(my_tesla.get_descriptive_name())

+filename = 'alice.txt'

+

+try:

+    with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f_obj:

+        contents = f_obj.read()

+except FileNotFoundError as e:

+    msg = "Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist."

+    print(msg)

+else:

+    # Count the approximate number of words in the file.

+    words = contents.split()

+    num_words = len(words)

+    print("The file " + filename + " has about " + str(num_words) + " words.")

+print("Give me two numbers, and I'll divide them.")

+print("Enter 'q' to quit.")

+

+while True:

+    first_number = input("\nFirst number: ")

+    if first_number == 'q':

+        break

+    second_number = input("Second number: ")

+    try:

+        answer = int(first_number) / int(second_number)

+    except ZeroDivisionError:

+        print("You can't divide by 0!")

+    else:

+        print(answer)

+filename = 'pi_digits.txt'

+

+with open(filename) as file_object:

+    lines = file_object.readlines()

+

+for line in lines:

+    print(line.rstrip())

+import json

+

+filename = 'username.json'

+

+with open(filename) as f_obj:

+    username = json.load(f_obj)

+    print("Welcome back, " + username + "!")

+import json

+

+filename = 'numbers.json'

+with open(filename) as file_object:

+    numbers = json.load(file_object)

+    

+print(numbers)

+import json

+

+numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

+

+filename = 'numbers.json'

+with open(filename, 'w') as file_object:

+    json.dump(numbers, file_object)

+[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]

+3.1415926535

+  8979323846

+  2643383279

+3.1415926535

+  8979323846

+  2643383279

+filename = 'pi_million_digits.txt'

+

+with open(filename) as file_object:

+    lines = file_object.readlines()

+

+pi_string = ''

+for line in lines:

+    pi_string += line.rstrip()

+

+birthday = input("Enter your birthday, in the form mmddyy: ")

+if birthday in pi_string:

+    print("Your birthday appears in the first million digits of pi!")

+else:

+    print("Your birthday does not appear in the first million digits of pi.")

+I love programming.

+I love creating new games.

+I also love finding meaning in large datasets.

+I love creating apps that can run in a browser.

+import json

+

+def get_stored_username():

+    """Get stored username if available."""

+    filename = 'username.json'

+    try:

+        with open(filename) as f_obj:

+            username = json.load(f_obj)

+    except FileNotFoundError:

+        return None

+    else:

+        return username

+

+def get_new_username():

+    """Prompt for a new username."""

+    username = input("What is your name? ")

+    filename = 'username.json'

+    with open(filename, 'w') as f_obj:

+        json.dump(username, f_obj)

+    return username

+

+def greet_user():

+    """Greet the user by name."""

+    username = get_stored_username()

+    if username:

+        print("Welcome back, " + username + "!")

+    else:

+        username = get_new_username()

+        print("We'll remember you when you come back, " + username + "!")

+

+greet_user()

+def count_words(filename):

+    """Count the approximate number of words in a file."""

+    try:

+        with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f_obj:

+            contents = f_obj.read() 

+    except FileNotFoundError:

+        pass

+    else:

+        # Count approximate number of words in the file.

+        words = contents.split()

+        num_words = len(words)

+        print("The file " + filename + " has about " + str(num_words) + " words.")

+

+filenames = ['alice.txt', 'siddhartha.txt', 'moby_dick.txt', 'little_women.txt']

+for filename in filenames:

+    count_words(filename)

+filename = 'programming.txt'

+

+with open(filename, 'a') as file_object:

+    file_object.write("I also love finding meaning in large datasets.\n")

+    file_object.write("I love creating apps that can run in a browser.\n")

+from survey import AnonymousSurvey

+

+# Define a question, and make a survey object.

+question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"

+my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

+

+# Show the question, and store responses to the question.

+my_survey.show_question()

+print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.\n")

+while True:

+    response = input("Language: ")

+    if response == 'q':

+        break

+    my_survey.store_response(response)

+

+# Show the survey results.

+print("\nThank you to everyone who participated in the survey!")

+my_survey.show_results()

+def get_formatted_name(first, last, middle=''):

+    """Generate a neatly-formatted full name."""

+    if middle:

+        full_name = first + ' ' + middle + ' ' + last

+    else:

+        full_name = first + ' ' + last

+    return full_name.title()

+from name_function import get_formatted_name

+

+print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")

+while True:

+    first = input("\nPlease give me a first name: ")

+    if first == 'q':

+        break

+        

+    last = input("Please give me a last name: ")

+    if last == 'q':

+        break

+        

+    formatted_name = get_formatted_name(first, last)

+    print("\tNeatly formatted name: " + formatted_name + '.')

+class AnonymousSurvey():

+    """Collect anonymous answers to a survey question."""

+    

+    def __init__(self, question):

+        """Store a question, and prepare to store responses."""

+        self.question = question

+        self.responses = []

+        

+    def show_question(self):

+        """Show the survey question."""

+        print(self.question)

+        

+    def store_response(self, new_response):

+        """Store a single response to the survey."""

+        self.responses.append(new_response)

+        

+    def show_results(self):

+        """Show all the responses that have been given."""

+        print("Survey results:")

+        for response in self.responses:

+            print('- ' + response)

+import unittest

+from name_function import get_formatted_name

+

+class NamesTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

+    """Tests for 'name_function.py'."""

+    

+    def test_first_last_name(self):

+        formatted_name = get_formatted_name('janis', 'joplin')

+        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Janis Joplin')

+        

+    def test_first_last_middle_name(self):

+        formatted_name = get_formatted_name(

+            'wolfgang', 'mozart', 'amadeus')

+        self.assertEqual(formatted_name, 'Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart')

+            

+

+unittest.main()

+import unittest

+from survey import AnonymousSurvey

+

+class TestAnonymousSurvey(unittest.TestCase):

+    """Tests for the class AnonymousSurvey."""

+    

+    def setUp(self):

+        """

+        Create a survey and a set of responses for use in all test methods.

+        """

+        question = "What language did you first learn to speak?"

+        self.my_survey = AnonymousSurvey(question)

+        self.responses = ['English', 'Spanish', 'Mandarin']

+        

+    

+    def test_store_single_response(self):

+        """Test that a single response is stored properly."""

+        self.my_survey.store_response(self.responses[0])